Discuss Saussure's contribution to the study of language | Difference between langue and parole | Saussure's contribution in linguistics | Difference between syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships | syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships with diagram | sign signifier signified diagram | Try.Fulfill
Ans:
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Saussure's contribution in linguistics, difference between langue and parole. |
Saussure's contribution in linguistics:
- ·      Saussure’s introduction.
- ·      Sign= signifier + signified.
- ·      Synchronic and diachronic axis.
- ·      Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships.
- ·    Langue and parole.
Ferdinand De Saussure, the founder of modern linguistics was
born in 1857 and breathed for last in 1913. He was a Swiss linguist as well as
semiotician. He contributed to the field of linguistics and semiotics. He is titled
as the founder of structuralism. His famous book written on linguistics is ‘course
in General Linguistics’. Saussure’s contribution in linguistics circulated over
several branches. His contribution on Sign, Synchronic and diachronic axis and
Langue and parole is  prominent.Â
Saussure improved the idea of sign which is further
classified as the summation of signifier and signified. Signifier is the sound,
word or image or the physical existence of the concept and signified is the
mental concept. For example: An apple.
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sign signifier signified, sign signifier signified diagram |
While a person see the image of an apple or written word ‘Apple`,
he identifies a concept of a thing in his mind. Then he get the sign of the
apple.Â
Difference between syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships:
Saussure’s contribution in linguistics is also specified in
the development of syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships. In syntagmatic
relationships, signs occur in sequence and they operate together. On the other
side, in paradigmatic relationships, signs can be replaced by one another. Syntagmatic
and Paradigmatic relationships with diagram:
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syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationship diagram, try.fulfil |
Difference between Synchronic and Diachronic Axes:
Saussure also contributed by improving the concept of
synchronic and diachronic axes. Synchronic axis is the measurement of a
language based on a particular time and a specific speech community. Rather,
diachronic axis judges a language researching historical development of the
language over different periods. Synchronic axis studies grammar,
classification or arrangement of language while diachronic axis studies
comparative linguistics and etymology.
- La langue ( The language system)
- La parole (The act of speaking)
Langue:
Parole:
Ullmann has arranged the main differences between langue and parole in the following manner :-
Langue(language) Parole(speech)
Code - Encoding of a message
Social - Individual
Fixed - Free
Psychological - Psycho-physical
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